Sojourner
NASA / JPL / Discovery 2
Conceived as the first mission in the Mars Environmental SURvey (MESUR) program but developed as the second Discovery mission, the Sojourner rover was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Launching on a Delta-II rocket on December 4, 1996, Mars Pathfinder landed on Mars on Chryse Planitia on July 4, 1997. It bounced on Thiokol built airbags, opened its solar panel petals, revealing Sojourner, the first rover on Mars.
The rover rolled off the lander, renamed the Sagan Memorial Station, using its two black-and-white and rear color cameras. Its main instrument was the Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) which it used to analyze rock and soil.
Sojourner's mission lasted for about 3 months and it and its lander sent home 16,500 pictures and 8.5 million measurements worth of science.
